Nkwalite ọ bụla n'ókè arụmọrụ sitere na usoro injinia nke a pụrụ ịgbasa ma megharịa, site na okpukpu abụọ nke ike ihe onwunwe ruo na njikọta nke sistemụ ise dị mkpa.

Mmepụta nke moto 30,000 rpm na-anọchite anya mmụba mmekorita na injinia n'ofe sayensị ihe, nhazi elektrọnik, njikwa okpomọkụ, nrụpụta nkenke, na algọridim njikwa. PUMBAAEV akọwapụtala ókèala nke teknụzụ draịvụ eletriki magnet na-adịgide adịgide dị elu site na ike ihe rotor okpukpu abụọ, topology magnet nke oyi akwa abụọ nke U, windings ntutu isi na-enweghị nha nha iri, laminations ígwè silicon dị gịrịgịrị, na chips 1500V SiC nke e mepụtara n'ime ụlọ.

Oke teknụzụ na-agafekarị mgbanwe ọzọ. Maka ndị injinia, uru nke ikpe a dị na nke a: n'azụ ihe nlereanya arụmọrụ ọ bụla yiri ka ọ dị oke njọ, e nwere usoro injinia a na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke a na-emegharị emegharị.

Nchịkọta 1: Uru Isi nke Ọsọ Dị Elu

Site na nnabata nke ụgbọala ike ọhụrụ sara mbara, ọchịchọ ndị ọrụ maka ọnọdụ okporo ụzọ na ọrụ ọsọ dị elu na-aga n'ihu amụbaala nke ukwuu. Moto ụgbọala ọdịnala na-enweta "ebe ntụgharị ike" ihe dị ka 6,000 rpm, yana ike na-emebi mgbe niile na mpaghara ike na-adịgide adịgide, na-eduga na mmetụta ngwa ngwa na-adịghị mma nke ukwuu n'oge ọsọ dị elu gafere 120 km/h.

PUMBAAEV kọwara ma mepụta nkeji draịva eletriki 30,000 rpm. Uru ya bụ isi gafere arụmọrụ dị ọcha. Site na echiche nke injinịa sistemụ, n'otu ike mmepụta ebumnuche ahụ, ịbawanye ọsọ site na 12,000 rpm ruo 30,000 rpm na-enye ohere maka mbelata dị ukwuu na ojiji nke ihe moto na-arụ ọrụ (ọla kọpa, magnet dị ụkọ, ígwè silicon).

Dịka data nyocha AVL si kwuo, okpukpu abụọ nke ọsọ ntụgharị nwere ike ibelata ojiji ihe eji arụ ọrụ ígwè site na ihe dị ka 40%, na-eme ka olu, ibu, na ọnụ ahịa dịkwuo mma.

Sistemụ Rotor 2: Ihe ịma aka ise dị mkpa gbasara injinịa

Rotor bụ sistemụ kachasị sie ike ma dịkwa oke mkpa na moto ọsọ dị elu. Na ọsọ rpm 30,000, ọsọ centrifugal na nsọtụ mpụta rotor gafere gram 40,000. Nrụpụta ọ bụla nwere ike ibute ọdịda dị egwu. Imeri ihe ịma aka a chọrọ ihe ịga nke ọma na mpaghara teknụzụ ise.

Ihe Ịma Aka nke 1: Ike Ihe Onwunwe Ugboro Abụọ, site na 450MPa ruo 1000MPa Steel Silicon Siri Ike Dị Elu

Ihe e ji emechi rotor ọdịnala na-eji ígwè eletriki na-anaghị elekwasị anya nke nwere ike mmepụta ihe dị ka 450 MPa, nke zuru oke maka ọsọ ruo 20,000 rpm. Karịa 30,000 rpm, nrụgide tensile hoop na dayameta mpụta nke rotor gafere oke mmepụta nke ihe ndị nkịtị.

;Ụzọ Mmepe Injinia:;

• ;Mmelite Ihe: Nkwenye nke ígwè eletriki siri ike (HS-ECS), na-eme ka ike nrụgide dịkwuo elu≥1000 MPa—ihe karịrị okpukpu abụọ nke ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị.

• ;Nkwado Usoro: Mmejuputa njikọta laser maka ịkwakọba lamination kama ịgbakọ ihe ndị ọzọ dịka omenala si dị, na-eme ka ike njikọ dị n'etiti oyi akwa dịkwuo mma iji gbochie nkewa n'ọsọ dị elu. Nchacha dayameta mpụta nke ọma na-eme ka a na-anabata nke ọma±3 μm, na-eme ka rotor dị gburugburu.

Ihe Ịma Aka nke Abụọ: Ịdozi Magnet, Usoro Mgbakwunye Dị Elu Iji Gbochie Mmebi

Magnet ndị na-adịgide adịgide dị n'ime oghere rotor na-enwe mmetụta siri ike nke centrifugal na ọsọ dị elu. Ngụkọta ntụpọ ọdịnala nke otu akụkụ na-ebute ihe egwu nke nrụgide n'ọsọ dị elu; n'ọnọdụ dị oke njọ, magnet nwere ike iwepụ na mgbidi oghere ma ọ bụ ọbụna wepụ, na-akpata nnukwu ọdịda.

​Nkà na ụzụ dị mkpa: Ojiji nke mkpuchi nrapado dị elu nke na-agbasa ngwa ngwa. Mgbe ọ gbasasịrị, olu ya na-agbasa ihe karịrị ugboro ise, na-emepụta njikọ nrapado otu n'elu na ala nke magnet ahụ, na-eme ka nkesa nrụgide dịkwuo mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere njikọ ntụpọ. Ihe mkpuchi ahụ ga-eguzogide okpomọkụ karịa 180°C, nwee oke nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ nke kwekọrọ na magnet (~10×10⁻⁶/°C), ma nweta ike nrapado mgbe a gwọchara ya ≥15 MPa.

Ihe Ịma Aka nke 3: Rotor Topology, nhazi magnet nke nwere oyi akwa abụọ nke U na-eme ka sekit magnet na ike dịkwuo mma

PUMBAAEV na-eji usoro "U-Shaped Double Layer" nke Magnet Na-adịgide Adịgide n'ime ụlọ (IPM): nke dị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ U-layer nke nwere oyi akwa U-layer mpụta, nke kewara magnet nke oyi akwa ọ bụla n'ọtụtụ akụkụ.

;Uru Ndị Dị Mkpa:;

• ;Mgbakwunye Torque: Na-eme ka ọdịiche nke enweghị mmasị na axis q-axis/d-axis dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka ike kachasị elu dịkwuo elu site na ihe dịka 10% na-enweghị itinye ihe ndọta ọzọ.

• ;Nkesa NrụgideNhazi nkewa ahụ na-ekesa nrụgide n'ime ọtụtụ nkeji onwe ha, na-egbochi mgbawa na blọk magnet monolithic ma na-ebelata ihe ịma aka nrụpụta magnetization.

• ;Nhazi NVH: Topology nke abụọ-U, yana nhazi skew, na-achịkwa mgbanwe harmonic zuru oke (THD) nke njupụta ikuku-gap flux dị n'okpuru 5%, na-egbochi harmonic dị elu.

Ihe osise nke usoro rotor moto dị elu, nke na-egosi magnets nke nwere ụdị U dị okpukpu abụọ na nhazi nkewa.

Ihe Ịma Aka nke 4: Nhazi Dị Ike nke Na-agba Ọsọ, Enweghị Nhazi Ọsọ E Jichiri Ya Ka Ọ Dị n'ime 50mg

Na ọsọ rpm 30,000, obere enweghị nguzozi na-emepụta ọtụtụ narị kilogram nke ike centrifugal. PUMBAAEV tinyere mbelata nguzozi fọdụrụ site na ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị nke ≤150 mg ruo ≤50 mg, mbelata nke 67%.

;Usoro Nhazi Mgbanwe Dị Ike: Igwe eji arụ ọrụ siri ike → Ịhazi ihe ndọta ọkụ → Nhazi mbụ → Nhazi ziri ezi → Nnwale nguzozi dị elu, ọsọ ọsọ zuru oke (anwalere na 30,500 rpm). A na-enweta mmezi na-adịghị mma site na iji oghere mwepụ ibu na mkpuchi njedebe, yana mkpebi nke ±1 mg. Nkwenye nke abụọ mgbe okirikiri ujo okpomọkụ gasịrị na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike mgbe mgbakọ gasịrị.

Ihe Ịma Aka nke 5: Nhazi Ọsọ Dị Mkpa, Oke Nchekwa 15%

Mkpọtụ ahụ na-amụba nke ukwuu mgbe ọsọ ọrụ rutere ọsọ dị mkpa nke rotor nke mbụ. PUMBAAEV chepụtara ọsọ dị mkpa nke ịgbagọ agbagọ mbụ ka ọ bụrụ nke mbụ. ;35,000 rpm, ihe dị ka 15% karịa ọsọ ọrụ kachasị elu, na-enye oke nchekwa zuru oke.

Ụzọ Mmejuputa: Ịbawanye ogologo nkwado bear na ibu tupu oge eruo iji mee ka ike mgbagọ nke shaft dịkwuo mma; jiri seramiiki bearings silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) n'otu oge ahụ iji nọgide na-enwe ike bearings na ụkpụrụ DN dị elu (ọsọ × dayameta bore) ebe a na-enye mkpuchi eke megide corrosion nke shaft current.

3 Stator na Njikwa Okpomọkụ: Mwakpo a haziri ahazi na Mfu Ugboro Dị Elu

Na ọsọ 30,000 rpm, ugboro eletriki ahụ ruru 500 Hz. Mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ na windings ọdịnala na-eme ka mfu ọla kọpa AC dịkwuo elu, na-achọ ngwakọta nke windings ntutu isi na oyi mmanụ ozugbo.

Ndọkpụ ntutu isi: Nhazi nke nwere oke nha nhata nke oyi akwa iri na-eme ka oke mbelata ọla kọpa AC/DC dịkwuo mma

Ihe e ji ejupụta ọla kọpa nke waya ndị dị larịị nwere akụkụ anọ nwere ike ịgafe pasentị iri isii, nke ka mma karịa waya ndị gbara gburugburu nke ruru pasentị iri anọ na ise. Stator nke PUMBAAEV ji eriri ntutu isi nke nwere nha nhata nke na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe, nke nwere ọkpụrụkpụ dị iche iche maka eriri ọla kọpa dị na oyi akwa ọ bụla.

• ;Akwa mpụta dị gịrịgịrị: N'akụkụ oghere ahụ, ha na-ebu ihe ndị dị na ya nke na-enye ọkụ eletrik ugboro ugboro.

• ;Akwa dị n'ime dị oke arọ: N'akụkụ ala oghere ahụ, ha na-ebukarị akụkụ DC.

Nhazi a na-achịkwa oke mfu ọla kọpa AC/DC ruo ihe dị ka 1.15 (ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ụlọ ọrụ bụ 1.3-1.5), ebe oghere ndị na-adịghị nhata n'etiti oyi akwa na-eme ka akụkụ mmiri dị mma maka mmanụ oyi.

Isi ihe: Laminations dị oke mkpa na-ebelata oke mfu ígwè na-agba ọsọ ọsọ

Mfu isi na-abawanye ka ugboro ole na ole. Na 500 Hz, mfu na mmụba ígwè silicon 0.35 mm ọdịnala. PUMBAAEV na-eji ígwè eletriki dị gịrịgịrị, nke na-adịkarị oke ọkpụrụkpụ nke ≤0.2 mm, na-ebelata mfu isi na 500 Hz site na 40-50% ​​ma e jiri ya tụnyere ígwè 0.35 mm. Laminations ndị dị gịrịgịrị na-emekwa ka mpaghara elu maka mfu okpomọkụ kwa olu otu dịkwuo elu.

Sistemụ Jụụ: Iji mmanụ eme ka ọ dị jụụ na-eme ka njikwa okpomọkụ dị irè

Njupụta okpomọkụ nke stator na 30,000 rpm dị oke elu, karịa ikike nke oyi jaket ọdịnala. PUMBAAEV na-ejikọta ụzọ mmanụ oyi n'ime oghere stator, na-enye mmanụ ohere ịgbasa n'etiti windings ahụ, na-eme ka kọntaktị jụrụ oyi ozugbo na windings ọla kọpa ahụ.

;Njikọta Okpomọkụ nke nwere akụkụ atọ:

1. ;Lamination dị oke mkpa: Belata mfu ígwè ma mee ka ebe dị elu dịkwuo elu.

2. ;Ntutu isi na-enweghị nha nhata: Mee ka ọwa mmiri mmanụ dị jụụ ka mma.

3. ;Ọkụ mmanụ ozugbo: Na-enye oyi ozugbo na kọntaktị. Ihe ndị a na-egosi na enwere ike ijikwa ọdịiche okpomọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime 5°C, ebe okpomọkụ kachasị elu belatara ihe dị ka 40°C.

4 NJH Control: Ịchọ Ịnọ Ngọngọ n'oge Eletrik

Site na obere mkpọtụ ndabere na EV, mkpọtụ moto na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụ anya karịa. Ugboro 500 Hz nke bụ isi na 30,000 rpm na harmonics ya na-adaba n'ime oke ntị mmadụ kachasị nwee mmetụta (500-4000 Hz).

;Isi Isi Mkpọtụ:

• ;Harmonics nke Ike Elektrọmagnetic: Emepụtara site na njikọ oghere nke njupụta ikuku-gap flux (nke a na-ekpebi site na ọdịdị magnet, nhazi nke na-agbagharị).

• ;Igwe eji agbanwe PWM: Ugboro mgbanwe na ọtụtụ ya na-ewebata harmonics nke ụdị waveform dị ugbu a, nke na-atọkwa ụtọ karịa ike magnetik.

• ;Enweghị Nhazi Mechanical: Enweghị nhazi nke Rotor residual balance na-emepụta mkpali ugboro ntụgharị 1X (500 Hz), nke a ga-ekewapụ na ugboro resonance bearing na housing.

;Atụmatụ Njikwa NVH Atọ:

1. ;Nhazi Elektrọnik: Nhazi dị iche iche nke ọdịdị oghere, akụkụ skew, wdg, iji belata oke nke harmonics ike elektrọnik (dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu 6N). A na-eji nhazi helical dị oke mma maka skewing.

2. ;Mmesi Ike na Nnọpụiche nke Nhazi: Mee ka ike nke otu e-draịva (eriri ụlọ) dịkwuo mma iji gbanwee ugboro resonance pụọ na eriri ọrụ; jiri bushings nkewa vibration dị elu na ebe a na-etinye ya iji belata mbufe vibration site na ụzọ nhazi.

3. ;Nhazi Mgbanwe Dị Elu: Enweghị nguzozi fọdụrụnụ ≤50 mg na-eme ka mmụba nke mkpọtụ na mkpali 1X (500 Hz) dị

5 Eletrọniki Njikwa na Ike: Ọrụ Dị Mkpa nke Chips SiC

Ugboro ugboro na arụmọrụ dị elu bụ ihe achọrọ maka moto dị elu, dabere kpọmkwem na ọganihu na ngwaọrụ njikwa na ike.

Chip 1500V SiC nke e mepụtara n'ime ụlọ bụ nnukwu ọganihu. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere IGBT ọdịnala, SiC MOSFETs na-enye ohere:

• ;Ugboro Mgbanwe Ka Elu: Na-akwado ọsọ moto dị elu (ugboro eletriki).

• ;Mfu Mgbanwe Dị Ala: Na-eme ka sistemụ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, ọkachasị na mpaghara ọsọ dị elu.

• ;Ọkwa Voltaji Ka Elu: Ọkwa 1500V na-enye oke nchekwa maka nyiwe 800V na mmepe n'ọdịnihu.

Algọridim njikwa ga-adaba na moto nke ọma, na-ahụ na ọrụ kwụsiri ike na mpaghara na-eme ka ike gwụ ngwa ngwa na arụmọrụ kachasị mma.

06 Ihe ịma aka na Mgbanwe Ọdịnihu

Nsogbu Teknụzụ Dị Ugbu A

• ;Ọnụ ego ihe: Ígwè eletriki siri ike na mkpuchi pụrụ iche ka dị ọnụ ala karịa 20-30% karịa ngwọta nkịtị.

• ;Oke ígwè silikọn: Mkpọchi dị gịrịgịrị na-ebelata mfu ígwè mana ọ na-ebelata ike ya; mgbanwe mfu ígwè na ike ya bụ nnukwu ihe ịma aka.

• ;Ịtụkwasị Obi Ndụ: Ntụkwasị obi zuru oke nke bearings seramiiki dị elu na oke DN dị elu chọrọ data nnwale okporo ụzọ karịa.

• ;SiC Supply Chain: Ọnụego mmepụta na ọnụ ahịa maka ibe SiC dị n'ime ụlọ, ọkachasị ihe mejupụtara 4H-SiC, bụ isi ihe mgbochi mmepụta ihe.

Ụzọ Teknụzụ Ga-esi Ga-adị n'Ọdịnihu

• ;Ihe Ọhụrụ: Ihe magnetik dị nro nke amorphous/nanocrystalline na-enye mbelata isi ihe dị ka pasent 60 karịa ígwè silicon ma bụrụ ihe kacha mma maka isi stator nke ọgbọ na-abịa, mana ihe ịma aka ka dị na nhazi ihe na-adịghị ike.

• ;Atụmatụ Ọhụrụ: Axial Flux Motors (AFM), nke nwere nhazi diski ha nke dabara adaba maka ọsọ dị elu, dị na map nke ụfọdụ OEM, na-enye njupụta ike echiche dị elu nke 20-40% karịa moto flux radial.

• ;Njikwa Okpomọkụ Agbakwunyere: Ikekọrịta mmanụ oyi n'etiti modulu ike stator na inverter nwere ike ibelata nguzogide okpomọkụ site na ~ 30% ma mee ka usoro sistemụ dị mfe.

• ;Mgbanwe Nhazi nke AI Na-akwalite: Nmegharị multi-physics co-physics (electromagnetic-thermal-structural-NVH) yana algọridim AI/optimization nwere ike ịkpakọ usoro mmepe moto dị elu site na ọnwa 24 ruo n'okpuru ọnwa 12.

Oke teknụzụ na-agabiga mgbe niile ọzọ. Mmepụta nke igwe 30,000 rpm na-egosi mmalite nke usoro teknụzụ ọhụrụ nke usoro injinia sistemụ, njikọta miri emi, na echiche injinia siri ike na-akwalite.